⏰ 英语中的时间表达与国家名称

⏰ 英语中的时间表达与国家名称

📘 菜单

1. 课程简介

2. 如何阅读英语时间

3. 如何用英语正确说时间

4. 理解时钟结构:past 与 to 的用法

5. 查看时间图片实例

6. 互动练习 – 几点了?

7. 国家、国籍和首都

7.1 非洲

7.2 美洲

7.3 亚洲

7.4 欧洲

7.5 大洋洲

8. 示例 + 总复习练习题

9. 课程总结

🔝 返回顶部

⏰ 英语中的时间表达与国家名称

📘 1. 课程简介

本课程将帮助你掌握两大基础主题:

✔️ 英语中时间的表达与理解

✔️ 国家名称、国籍、首都的英语表达

✔️ 包含图示、例句、练习题,适合零基础或日常英语学习者

适用于希望提升口语、应对旅行或考试准备的学习者。

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📘 2. 如何阅读英语时间

在英语中,说时间时常常会用到 past(过了) 和 to(差几分到) 来表达分钟。

英语的表达方式与中文略有不同,非常值得掌握。

✔️ 基本结构

It is ten past three. → 现在是三点十分。

It is quarter past four. → 现在是四点一刻。

It is twenty to five. → 现在是差二十分钟五点(即四点四十)。

It is half past seven. → 现在是七点半。

It is eight o'clock. → 现在是八点整。

📝 练习 – 用英文写出正确的时间表达

根据括号中的时间,用英文完整表达:

I wake up at ________. (6:30)

The train leaves at ________. (8:15)

We have lunch at ________. (12:00)

The class ends at ________. (2:45)

He goes to bed at ________. (10:00)

查看答案

I wake up at half past six.

The train leaves at quarter past eight.

We have lunch at twelve o'clock.

The class ends at quarter to three.

He goes to bed at ten o'clock.

📘 3. 如何用英语正确说时间

英语中表达时间的方式与中文不同,需要掌握一些基本结构和常见词汇。重点是理解 “past” 表示“过了几点几分”,而 “to” 表示“差几分到几点”。

✔️ 常见结构

It is + 分钟 + past + 当前小时 → 表示“几点几分(已过)”

It is + 分钟 + to + 下一小时 → 表示“差几分到几点”

📌 常用词汇

o'clock:整点(例:It is four o'clock)

quarter past:几点一刻(15分钟)

quarter to:差一刻到几点

half past:几点半

✔️ 实用例句

It is five past ten → 十点五分

It is twenty to four → 差二十分钟四点(3:40)

It is half past eleven → 十一点半

📘 4. 理解时钟结构:past 与 to 的用法

为了更好地理解英语中如何读时间,我们可以将时钟划分为两个区域,如下图所示:

🟢 右半边(12 点到 6 点)= past

当分针在 12 到 6 之间,表示 “几点几分过了”,使用 past:

It is ten past three → 三点十分

It is twenty past seven → 七点二十分

It is quarter past nine → 九点一刻

It is half past eleven → 十一点半

🔵 左半边(6 点到 12 点)= to

当分针在 6 到 12 之间,表示 “差几分到几点”,使用 to:

It is twenty to four → 差二十分钟四点(3:40)

It is ten to one → 差十分钟一点(12:50)

It is five to six → 差五分钟六点

It is quarter to ten → 差一刻十点(9:45)

📌 图解总结

🕐 从 12 到 6:使用 past + 当前小时

🕡 从 6 到 12:使用 to + 下一个小时

15 分钟 = quarter,30 分钟 = half

📘 5. 查看时间图片实例

以下是一些带有图像的时钟示例,帮助你视觉化地理解英语中的时间表达。每一行包含一个时钟图、英文表达以及中文翻译。

时钟

英文表达

中文翻译

It is twelve o'clock十二点整

It is five past twelve十二点五分

It is ten past twelve十二点十分

It is quarter past twelve十二点一刻

It is twenty past twelve十二点二十分

It is twenty-five past twelve十二点二十五分

It is half past twelve十二点半

It is twenty-five to one差二十五分钟一点

It is twenty to one差二十分钟一点

It is quarter to one差一刻一点

It is ten to one差十分一点

It is five to one差五分一点

It is one o'clock一点整

It is five past one一点五分

It is quarter past one一点一刻

It is half past one一点半

It is five to two差五分两点

It is two o'clock两点整

📘 6. 互动练习 – 几点了?

根据括号中的时间,用英文完整地写出表达方式。使用 past、to、half、quarter 等关键词。

The meeting is at ________. (9:15)

The train leaves at ________. (6:30)

He goes to school at ________. (7:00)

The film starts at ________. (8:45)

I go to bed at ________. (10:10)

查看答案

The meeting is at quarter past nine.

The train leaves at half past six.

He goes to school at seven o'clock.

The film starts at quarter to nine.

I go to bed at ten past ten.

📘 7. 国家、国籍和首都

在本节中,你将学习如何用英语表示:

🌍 Country(国家名称)

👤 Nationality(国籍 / 形容词)

👥 People(居民 / 国民)

🏙️ Capital(首都)

接下来的章节将按洲别(非洲、美洲、亚洲、欧洲、大洋洲)列出各国的英语表达,帮助你拓展词汇并掌握实用表达。

每个国家的信息都包含于表格中,方便查阅和记忆。

🌍 7.1 非洲 – 国家、国籍和首都

下表列出了非洲所有国家的英文名称、对应的国籍形容词、居民称谓和首都。请注意这些词汇在对话和写作中非常常见,特别是在介绍自己或他人时。

Country

Nationality

People

Capital

AlgeriaAlgerianthe AlgeriansAlgiers

AngolaAngolanthe AngolansLuanda

BeninBeninesethe BeninesePorto-Novo

BotswanaBotswananthe BotswanansGaborone

Burkina FasoBurkinabethe BurkinabeOuagadougou

BurundiBurundianthe BurundiansGitega

Cabo VerdeCape Verdeanthe Cape VerdeansPraia

CameroonCameroonianthe CamerooniansYaoundé

Central African RepublicCentral Africanthe Central AfricansBangui

ChadChadianthe ChadiansN'Djamena

ComorosComorianthe ComoriansMoroni

Republic of the CongoCongolesethe CongoleseBrazzaville

Democratic Republic of the CongoCongolesethe CongoleseKinshasa

Côte d'IvoireIvorianthe IvoriansYamoussoukro

DjiboutiDjiboutianthe DjiboutiansDjibouti

EgyptEgyptianthe EgyptiansCairo

Equatorial GuineaEquatoguineanthe EquatoguineansMalabo

EritreaEritreanthe EritreansAsmara

EswatiniSwazithe SwazisMbabane

EthiopiaEthiopianthe EthiopiansAddis Ababa

GabonGabonesethe GaboneseLibreville

GambiaGambianthe GambiansBanjul

GhanaGhanaianthe GhanaiansAccra

GuineaGuineanthe GuineansConakry

Guinea-BissauBissau-Guineanthe Bissau-GuineansBissau

KenyaKenyanthe KenyansNairobi

LesothoBasothothe BasothoMaseru

LiberiaLiberianthe LiberiansMonrovia

LibyaLibyanthe LibyansTripoli

MadagascarMalagasythe MalagasyAntananarivo

MalawiMalawianthe MalawiansLilongwe

MaliMalianthe MaliansBamako

MauritaniaMauritanianthe MauritaniansNouakchott

MauritiusMauritianthe MauritiansPort Louis

MoroccoMoroccanthe MoroccansRabat

MozambiqueMozambicanthe MozambicansMaputo

NamibiaNamibianthe NamibiansWindhoek

NigerNigerienthe NigeriensNiamey

NigeriaNigerianthe NigeriansAbuja

RwandaRwandanthe RwandansKigali

São Tomé and PríncipeSão Toméanthe São ToméansSão Tomé

SenegalSenegalesethe SenegaleseDakar

SeychellesSeychelloisthe SeychelloisVictoria

Sierra LeoneSierra Leoneanthe Sierra LeoneansFreetown

SomaliaSomalithe SomalisMogadishu

South AfricaSouth Africanthe South AfricansPretoria

South SudanSouth Sudanesethe South SudaneseJuba

SudanSudanesethe SudaneseKhartoum

TanzaniaTanzanianthe TanzaniansDodoma

TogoTogolesethe TogoleseLomé

TunisiaTunisianthe TunisiansTunis

UgandaUgandanthe UgandansKampala

ZambiaZambianthe ZambiansLusaka

ZimbabweZimbabweanthe ZimbabweansHarare

🌎 7.2 美洲 – 国家、国籍和首都

这个表格展示了北美、中美和南美洲国家的相关信息,包括:

国家名称(Country)、国籍(Nationality)、居民称谓(People) 和 首都(Capital)。

Country

Nationality

People

Capital

Antigua and BarbudaAntiguanthe AntiguansSaint John's

ArgentinaArgentinianthe ArgentiniansBuenos Aires

BahamasBahamianthe BahamiansNassau

BarbadosBarbadianthe BarbadiansBridgetown

BelizeBelizeanthe BelizeansBelmopan

BoliviaBolivianthe BoliviansSucre

BrazilBrazilianthe BraziliansBrasília

CanadaCanadianthe CanadiansOttawa

ChileChileanthe ChileansSantiago

ColombiaColombianthe ColombiansBogotá

Costa RicaCosta Ricanthe Costa RicansSan José

CubaCubanthe CubansHavana

DominicaDominicanthe DominicansRoseau

Dominican RepublicDominicanthe DominicansSanto Domingo

EcuadorEcuadorianthe EcuadoriansQuito

El SalvadorSalvadoranthe SalvadoransSan Salvador

GrenadaGrenadianthe GrenadiansSt. George's

GuatemalaGuatemalanthe GuatemalansGuatemala City

GuyanaGuyanesethe GuyaneseGeorgetown

HaitiHaitianthe HaitiansPort-au-Prince

HondurasHonduranthe HonduransTegucigalpa

JamaicaJamaicanthe JamaicansKingston

MexicoMexicanthe MexicansMexico City

NicaraguaNicaraguanthe NicaraguansManagua

PanamaPanamanianthe PanamaniansPanama City

ParaguayParaguayanthe ParaguayansAsunción

PeruPeruvianthe PeruviansLima

Saint Kitts and NevisKittitian / Nevisianthe Kittitians and NevisiansBasseterre

Saint LuciaSaint Lucianthe Saint LuciansCastries

Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesVincentianthe VincentiansKingstown

SurinameSurinamesethe SurinameseParamaribo

Trinidad and TobagoTrinidadianthe TrinidadiansPort of Spain

United StatesAmericanthe AmericansWashington, D.C.

UruguayUruguayanthe UruguayansMontevideo

VenezuelaVenezuelanthe VenezuelansCaracas

🌏 7.3 亚洲 – 国家、国籍和首都

亚洲是世界上最大和人口最多的洲。以下表格列出了各国的英文名称、对应的国籍、居民名词和首都,适合用于口语和写作练习。

Country

Nationality

People

Capital

AfghanistanAfghanthe AfghansKabul

ArmeniaArmenianthe ArmeniansYerevan

AzerbaijanAzerbaijanithe AzerbaijanisBaku

BahrainBahrainithe BahrainisManama

BangladeshBangladeshithe BangladeshisDhaka

BhutanBhutanesethe BhutaneseThimphu

BruneiBruneianthe BruneiansBandar Seri Begawan

CambodiaCambodianthe CambodiansPhnom Penh

ChinaChinesethe ChineseBeijing

CyprusCypriotthe CypriotsNicosia

GeorgiaGeorgianthe GeorgiansTbilisi

IndiaIndianthe IndiansNew Delhi

IndonesiaIndonesianthe IndonesiansJakarta

IranIranianthe IraniansTehran

IraqIraqithe IraqisBaghdad

IsraelIsraelithe IsraelisJerusalem

JapanJapanesethe JapaneseTokyo

JordanJordanianthe JordaniansAmman

KazakhstanKazakhthe KazakhsAstana

KuwaitKuwaitithe KuwaitisKuwait City

KyrgyzstanKyrgyzthe KyrgyzBishkek

LaosLaothe LaoVientiane

LebanonLebanesethe LebaneseBeirut

MalaysiaMalaysianthe MalaysiansKuala Lumpur

MaldivesMaldivianthe MaldiviansMalé

MongoliaMongolianthe MongoliansUlaanbaatar

MyanmarBurmesethe BurmeseNaypyidaw

NepalNepalithe NepaleseKathmandu

North KoreaNorth Koreanthe North KoreansPyongyang

OmanOmanithe OmanisMuscat

PakistanPakistanithe PakistanisIslamabad

PalestinePalestinianthe PalestiniansRamallah

PhilippinesFilipinothe FilipinosManila

QatarQatarithe QatarisDoha

Saudi ArabiaSaudithe SaudisRiyadh

SingaporeSingaporeanthe SingaporeansSingapore

South KoreaSouth Koreanthe South KoreansSeoul

Sri LankaSri Lankanthe Sri LankansColombo

SyriaSyrianthe SyriansDamascus

TaiwanTaiwanesethe TaiwaneseTaipei

TajikistanTajikthe TajiksDushanbe

ThailandThaithe ThaiBangkok

Timor-LesteTimoresethe TimoreseDili

TurkeyTurkishthe TurksAnkara

TurkmenistanTurkmenthe TurkmensAshgabat

United Arab EmiratesEmiratithe EmiratisAbu Dhabi

UzbekistanUzbekthe UzbeksTashkent

VietnamVietnamesethe VietnameseHanoi

YemenYemenithe YemenisSana'a

🌍 7.4 欧洲 – 国家、国籍和首都

欧洲拥有众多国家,是语言和文化非常丰富的地区。下表列出各国的英文名称、国籍形容词、居民称呼以及首都名称,非常适合提升词汇量和地理常识。

Country

Nationality

People

Capital

AlbaniaAlbanianthe AlbaniansTirana

AndorraAndorranthe AndorransAndorra la Vella

AustriaAustrianthe AustriansVienna

BelarusBelarusianthe BelarusiansMinsk

BelgiumBelgianthe BelgiansBrussels

Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnianthe BosniansSarajevo

BulgariaBulgarianthe BulgariansSofia

CroatiaCroatianthe CroatsZagreb

Czech RepublicCzechthe CzechsPrague

DenmarkDanishthe DanesCopenhagen

EstoniaEstonianthe EstoniansTallinn

FinlandFinnishthe FinnsHelsinki

FranceFrenchthe FrenchParis

GermanyGermanthe GermansBerlin

GreeceGreekthe GreeksAthens

HungaryHungarianthe HungariansBudapest

IcelandIcelandicthe IcelandersReykjavík

IrelandIrishthe IrishDublin

ItalyItalianthe ItaliansRome

LatviaLatvianthe LatviansRiga

LiechtensteinLiechtensteinerthe LiechtensteinersVaduz

LithuaniaLithuanianthe LithuaniansVilnius

LuxembourgLuxembourgishthe LuxembourgersLuxembourg

MaltaMaltesethe MalteseValletta

MoldovaMoldovanthe MoldovansChișinău

MonacoMonegasquethe MonegasquesMonaco

MontenegroMontenegrinthe MontenegrinsPodgorica

NetherlandsDutchthe DutchAmsterdam

North MacedoniaMacedonianthe MacedoniansSkopje

NorwayNorwegianthe NorwegiansOslo

PolandPolishthe PolesWarsaw

PortugalPortuguesethe PortugueseLisbon

RomaniaRomanianthe RomaniansBucharest

RussiaRussianthe RussiansMoscow

San MarinoSammarinesethe SammarineseSan Marino

SerbiaSerbianthe SerbsBelgrade

SlovakiaSlovakthe SlovaksBratislava

SloveniaSlovenianthe SloveniansLjubljana

SpainSpanishthe SpanishMadrid

SwedenSwedishthe SwedesStockholm

SwitzerlandSwissthe SwissBern

UkraineUkrainianthe UkrainiansKyiv

United KingdomBritishthe BritishLondon

Vatican CityVaticanthe Vatican citizensVatican City

🌊 7.5 大洋洲 – 国家、国籍和首都

大洋洲包含澳大利亚、新西兰及太平洋上的众多岛国。以下表格提供各国的英语名称、对应的国籍、居民称呼和首都,方便掌握地理与文化相关词汇。

Country

Nationality

People

Capital

AustraliaAustralianthe AustraliansCanberra

FijiFijianthe FijiansSuva

KiribatiKiribatithe I-KiribatiSouth Tarawa

Marshall IslandsMarshallesethe MarshalleseMajuro

MicronesiaMicronesianthe MicronesiansPalikir

NauruNauruanthe NauruansYaren (de facto)

New ZealandNew Zealandthe New ZealandersWellington

PalauPalauanthe PalauansNgerulmud

Papua New GuineaPapua New Guineanthe Papua New GuineansPort Moresby

SamoaSamoanthe SamoansApia

Solomon IslandsSolomon Islanderthe Solomon IslandersHoniara

TongaTonganthe TongansNukuʻalofa

TuvaluTuvaluanthe TuvaluansFunafuti

VanuatuVanuatuanthe Ni-VanuatuPort Vila

📘 8. 示例 + 总复习练习题

✔️ 英语表达例句

I am from Morocco. I am Moroccan. I live in Rabat.我来自摩洛哥。我是摩洛哥人。我住在拉巴特。

She is Japanese. She lives in Tokyo.她是日本人。她住在东京。

They are Brazilian. They are from Brasília.他们是巴西人。他们来自巴西利亚。

He is Italian. He lives in Rome.他是意大利人。他住在罗马。

We are Canadian. We live in Ottawa.我们是加拿大人。我们住在渥太华。

📝 练习题 – 用英语填写正确的国家、国籍或首都

She is from _______. She is Chinese.

They are _______. They live in Berlin.

I am from _______. I live in Dakar.

Tokyo is the capital of _______.

We are _______. We live in Madrid.

查看答案

She is from China. She is Chinese.

They are Germans. They live in Berlin.

I am from Senegal. I live in Dakar.

Tokyo is the capital of Japan.

We are Spanish. We live in Madrid.

📌 总结要点

Country = 国家名称(如:Italy)

Nationality = 国籍形容词(如:Italian)

People = 居民名词(如:the Italians)

Capital = 首都(如:Rome)

英文中,所有国家名与城市名首字母大写

📘 9. 课程总结

在本课程中,我们系统学习了两个非常重要的英语基础主题:

⏰ 时间的表达方式:掌握了如何使用 past、to、half 和 quarter 表达时间,包括图解说明与实用练习。

🌍 国家、国籍和首都:学习了各大洲国家的英语表达方式,包括居民称谓,有助于在交流中准确描述国别信息。

本课程内容结合了视觉图像、例句、练习和总结,适合零基础学习者,也适合用于复习巩固。掌握这些基础内容,将大大提升你的日常交流能力。

欢迎继续学习本站的其他英语课程,不断提升你的语言技能。

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